Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Income Taxes

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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES
  
We recorded an income tax provision of $3 million and an income tax benefit of $2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and an income tax provision of $15 million and an income tax benefit of $1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Changes in the income tax recorded between comparative periods are primarily attributable to fluctuations in the profitability of our U.K. integrated marketing function.

The effective tax rates during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were lower than the 21% and 35% federal statutory rates during the 2018 and 2017 interim periods, respectively, primarily as a result of maintaining a valuation allowance against our federal and state net deferred tax assets. Due to historical losses and other available evidence related to our ability to generate taxable income, we continue to maintain a valuation allowance against our federal and state net deferred tax assets at September 30, 2018.